References and clinical studies

Web sources

Self help & anti-perspirants

What Is Hyperhidrosis (Excessive Sweating)? What Causes Hyperhidrosis?

Clinical studies

  • E. Abell, and K. Morgan, The treatment of idiopathic hyperhidrosis by glycopyrronium bromide and tap water. Br J Dermatol 91 (1974) 87-91.
  • M.E. Aguilar-Ferrandiz, C. Moreno-Lorenzo, G.A. Mataran-Penarrocha, A.M. Castro- Sanchez, M.I. Peralta-Ramirez, and R. Ruiz-Villaverde, Effects of tap water iontophoresis and psychological techniques on psychosocial aspects of primary palmar hyperhidrosis. European Journal of Dermatology 21 (2011) 256-258.
  • D.L. Akins, J.L. Meisenheimer, and R.L. Dobson, Efficacy of the Drionic unit in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 16 (1987) 828-32.
  • M. Amini, A.M. Harmsze, and R.A. Tupker, Patient's estimation of efficacy treatments in a dermatological of various hyperhidrosis clinic. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 88 (2008) 356-362.
  • P.C. Andrade, G.P. Flores, J.D.M. Uscello, H.A. Miot, and M. Morsoleto, Use of iontophoresis or phonophoresis for delivering onabotulinumtoxinA in the treatment of palmar hyperidrosis: a report on four cases. Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia 86 (2011) 1243-1246.
  • S. Askari, D. Glaser, R. King, and D. Oliver, Comparison of tap water iontophoresis to iontophoresis with glycopyrrolate. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 58 (2008) AB32-AB32.
  • E.H. Aydemir, M.T. Kalkan, and Y. Karakoc, Quantitative effect of anodal current in the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis by direct electrical current. International Journal of Dermatology 45 (2006) 862-864.
  • M.N.Berliner,Skin microcirculation during tapwater iontophoresis in humans: cathode sti mulates more than anode. Microvasc Res 54 (1997) 74-80.
  • H.D. Bouman, and E.M. Lentzer, The treatment of hyperhidrosis of hands and feet with constant current. Am J Phys Med 31 (1952) 158-69.
  • L.Y. Chan, W.Y. Tang, W.K. Mok, C.Y. Ly, and A.W. Ip, Treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis using tap water iontophoresis: local experience. Hong Kong Med J 5 (1999) 191-194.
  • H.Y. Chia, A.S.L. Tan, W.S. Chong, and H.L. Tey, Efficacy of iontophoresis with glycopyrronium bromide for treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 26 (2012) 1167-1170.
  • D.L. Craig, and J.W. Collie, An iontophoresis unit for the treatment of hyperhidrosis. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 6 (1983) 125-7.
  • S. Davarian, K.K. Kalantari, A. Rezasoltani, and A. Rahimi, Effect and persistency of botulinum toxin iontophoresis in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. Australas J Dermatol 49 (2008) 75-9.
  • C. Dolianitis, C.E. Scarff, J. Kelly, and R. Sinclair, Iontophoresis with glycopyrrolate for the treatment of palmoplantar. Australas J Dermatol 45 (2004) 208-12.
  • M.L. Elgart, and G. Fuchs, Tapwater iontophoresis in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. Use of the Drionic. Int J Dermatol 26 (1987) 194-7.
  • K. Grice, H. Sattar, and H. Baker, Treatment of idiopathic hyperhidrosis with iontophoresis of tap water and poldine. Br J Dermatol 86 (1972) 72-8.
  • F.W. Kolkhorst, D.M. DiPasquale, and M.J. Buono, Effect of tap-water iontophoresis on sweat gland recruitment, skin temperature. J Dermatol Sci 28 (2002) 97-101.
  • K.R. Lindscheid, and M. Zabel, Zosteriform leiomyomatosis-- successful treatment by iontophoresis with tap water. Z Hautkr 65 (1990) 923-6.
  • K.M. Main, D.A. Price, M.O. Savage, and N.E. Skakkebae, Decreased sweating in seven patients with Laron syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77 (1993) 821-3.
  • C. Moreno-Lorenzo, A.M. Castro-Sanchez, R. Guisado-Barrilao, J. Linares-Solano, R. Ruiz-Villaverde, and C. Villaverde-Gutierrez, Dermatologic iontophoresis in palmar hyperhidrosis: immunohistochemical study, Eur J Dermatol, France, 2010, pp. 235-6.
  • G.Y. Na, B.C. Park, W.J. Lee, D.J. Park, D.W. Kim, and M.N. Kim, Control of palmar hyperhidrosis with a new "Dry-Type" iontophoretic device. Dermatologic Surgery 33 (2007) 57-61.
  • S. Odia, E. Vocks, J. Rakoski, and J. Ring, Successful treatment of dyshidrotic hand eczema using tap water iontophoresis. Acta Derm Venereol 76 (1996) 472-4.
  • Y. Ohshima, H. Shimizu, T. Yanagishita, D. Watanabe, Y. Tamada, J. Sugenoya, T. Tsuda, and Y. Matsumoto, Changes in Na+, K+ concentrations in perspiration and perspiration volume with. Arch Dermatol Res 300 (2008) 595-600.
  • V. Oknin, and R.A. Sadekov, [The use of the Drionic apparatus for treating essential hyperhidrosis]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 95 (1995) 75-7.
  • V.A. Phadke, R.S. Joshi, U.S. Khopkar, and S.L. Wadhwa, Comparison of topical methenamine, glutaraldehyde and tap water Iontophoresis for. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 61 (1995) 346-8.
  • S. Reinauer, A. Neusser, G. Schauf, and E. Holzle, Iontophoresis with alternating current and direct current offset (AC/DC iontophoresis): a new approach for the treatment of hyperhidrosis. Br J Dermatol 129 (1993) 166-9.
  • S. Reinauer, G. Schauf, and E. Holzle, Ross syndrome: treatment of segmental compensatory hyperhidrosis by a modified. J Am Acad Dermatol 28 (1993) 308-12.
  • J.W. Saenz, R.W. Sams, 2nd, and B. Jamieson, FPIN's clinical inquiries. Treatment of hyperhidrosis. Am Fam Physician 83 (2011) 465-6.
  • K. Sato, D.E. Timm, F. Sato, E.A. Templeton, D.S. Meletiou, T. Toyomoto, G. Soos, and S.K. Sato, GENERATION AND TRANSIT PATHWAY OF H+ IS CRITICAL FOR INHIBITION OF PALMAR SWEATING BY IONTOPHORESIS IN WATER. Journal of Applied Physiology 75 (1993) 2258-2264.
  • G. Schauf, M. Hubert, S. Reinauer, and E. Holze, [Modification and optimization of tap water iontophoresis]. Hautarzt 45 (1994) 756-61.
  • L.P. Stolman, Treatment of excess sweating of the palms by iontophoresis. Arch Dermatol 123 (1987) 893-6.
  • L. Wang, M. Hilliges, M. Gajecki, J.A. Marcusson, and O. Johansson, No change in skin innervation in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis treated with. Br J Dermatol 131 (1994) 742-3.